PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.